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![]() ![]() The second phase occurs when the original generation of the population responds to the trauma showing biological, societal and psychological symptoms. The first phase entails the dominant culture perpetrating mass traumas on a population, resulting in cultural, familial, societal and economic devastation for the population. Sotero (2006) provided a conceptual framework of historical trauma that includes three successive phases. Through this analysis, the author seeks to assist professional counselors in their clinical practice and future research. The intent of this article is to examine the theoretical framework of historical trauma and apply recent research regarding the impact of trauma on an individual’s physiological functioning and cross-generational transmission of trauma. Specifically, there has been a lack of research about how the past atrocities suffered by the Native American people are connected with the current problems in the Native American community. However, there has been uncertainty about the validity of this theory due to the ambiguity of some of the concepts with little empirical evidence (Evans-Campbell, 2008 Gone, 2009). The theory of historical trauma has been considered clinically applicable to Native American individuals by counselors, psychologists, and psychiatrists (Brave Heart, Chase, Elkins, & Altschul, 2011 Goodkind, LaNoue, Lee, Freeland, & Freund, 2012 Myhra, 2011). The primary feature of historical trauma is that the trauma is transferred to subsequent generations through biological, psychological, environmental, and social means, resulting in a cross-generational cycle of trauma (Sotero, 2006). The current problems facing the Native American people may be the result of “a legacy of chronic trauma and unresolved grief across generations” enacted on them by the European dominant culture (Brave Heart & DeBruyn, 1998, p. To explain why some Native American individuals are subjected to substantial difficulties, Brave Heart and Debruyn (1998) utilized the literature on Jewish Holocaust survivors and their decedents and pioneered the concept of historical trauma. Still, Native American individuals are reported as having the lowest income, least education, and highest poverty level of any group-minority or majority-in the United States (Denny, Holtzman, Goins, & Croft, 2005) and the lowest life expectancy of any other population in the United States (CDC, 2010). Therefore, it is difficult to make overall generalizations regarding this population (Gone, 2009), and it is important to not stereotype all Native American people. Given that there are approximately 566 federally recognized tribes located in 35 states, and 60% of Native Americans in the United States reside in urban areas (Indian Health Services, 2009), there is much diversity within the Native American population. Suicide rates for Native American adults and youth are higher than the national average, with suicide being the second leading cause of death for Native Americans from 10–34 years of age (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007). Keywords: historical trauma, Native Americans, American Indian, historical losses, cross-generational trauma, historical loss symptomsĬompared with all other racial groups, non-Hispanic Native American adults are at greater risk of experiencing feelings of psychological distress and more likely to have poorer overall physical and mental health and unmet medical and psychological needs (Barnes, Adams, & Powell-Griner, 2010). ![]() The author seeks to add clarity to this theory to assist professional counselors in understanding how traumas that occurred decades ago continue to impact Native American clients today. The purpose of this article is to systematically examine the theoretical underpinnings of historical trauma among Native Americans. However, there has been skepticism by mental health professionals about the validity of this concept. This theory purports that some Native Americans are experiencing historical loss symptoms (e.g., depression, substance dependence, diabetes, dysfunctional parenting, unemployment) as a result of the cross-generational transmission of trauma from historical losses (e.g., loss of population, land, and culture). The theory of historical trauma was developed to explain the current problems facing many Native Americans. ![]() ![]() A powerful attack to one of these areas could cause the armor to break, increasing damage caused to that area of the body. This manoeuvre gives the defensive player even more time to hit an opposing player while they try to reorient themselves in combat.Įvery character in Soulcalibur IV has high, medium, and low armor. Players can also "repel" a weapon attack and thrust it away from the player. ![]() By pressing the analog stick or D-pad towards the opponent while hitting the block button, the player can engage a "guard impact" which will deflect the incoming attack and leave the opponent open for a split second-plenty of time to lay down a few powerful, uninterrupted attacks. Players have a number of tactical options, however, to turn a well timed block into a powerful offensive assault. This system encourages players to not play a totally defensive game, as too much defense could lead to a Soul Crush and defeat. Once in a state of Soul Crush, the opponent can press all four face buttons on the controller (block, horizontal attack, vertical attack, and kick) to engage a critical finish, instantly killing the player. ![]() If a player's icon is flashing red, one more strong attack will send the player into a state of "Soul Crush", stunning them for a few seconds. If players block for too long, an icon (which can be seen next to the player's life bar) will slowly change from blue to green to red to flashing red. Pressing the analog stick in different directions will let the player block either high and medium attacks or medium and low attacks.īlocking player's attacks has a little more complexity than other fighters such as Mortal Kombat. This gameplay style could be seen as similar to Tecmo's Dead or Alive franchise. Mixing up the height and type of attack to get around an opponent's guards/dodges is the key to winning. Each of these attacks can be performed at three different levels: high, medium, or low. Players have access to three different kinds of attacks: a horizontal slash, a vertical slash, and a kick. Soulcalibur IV doesn't deviate much from the core gameplay of the series Soulcalibur's claim to fame in the fighting game genre is the characters' usage of melee weapons (as opposed to the martial arts-based hand-to-hand combat seen in most other fighting games). It also received a promotional tie-in with Star Wars: The Force Unleashed, with the main protagonist being an unlockable character for both 360 and PS3 versions. Similar to the console versions of Soulcalibur II, the game features platform-exclusive guest characters, although both are from the same media franchise (the sci-fi series Star Wars, with Yoda for the 360 version and Darth Vader for the PS3 version) and were made available in the other version as DLC. The game includes several new game modes and features, including an updated version of Soulcalibur III's character creation mode (which now adds stats and special characteristics to the player's equipment), a new single-player mode (Tower of Lost Souls), and a new gameplay feature (the "Soul Gauge", which serves as a guard crush mechanic and can be used for instant-kill "Critical Finish" moves). It is also the first in the main series to not have an arcade release, and later received a handheld spin-off with Soulcalibur: Broken Destiny. The fifth main installment of the Soul series, Soulcalibur IV brings the mainline series to seventh-generation consoles and introduces the series to both high-definition graphics and online multiplayer. Soulcalibur IV is a 3D historical-fantasy fighting game developed by Project Soul and published by Namco Bandai for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 on July 29, 2008. ![]() ![]() ![]() Xara Designer Pro offers several powerful tools that allow you to add realistic effects with a single click. Most modern Photoshop plug-ins work as Live Effects, giving access to a huge range of special effects (and many plug-ins are included). Live Effects are plug-in effects that can be applied to any object, including vector drawings - they are called Live Effects because the vector object remains editable even after applying the effect. With click-drag simplicity you can create graduated transparencies to any object, photo, text, and vector shape. Xara was the first vector application to introduce transparency, and continues to this day to offer the easiest, most advanced transparency control of any software. It's ultra-fast, click-drag simple, works with vector shapes, text and photos. The blend tool tweens or blends from one shape to another. Drag on the sides to extend the extrude depth. ![]() Take any shape, and just drag on the face to create a beautifully lit and shaded 3D version. Xara Designer Pro is the primary tool of many illustrators and includes a set of powerful but really easy to use vector line and shape drawing and editing tools. Additionally, just like any drawn object in Designer Pro, you can freely resize it on the page, and produce creative display text by applying any of the effects, such as transparency, fills, molds and so on - and yet the text remains editable.ĭesigner Pro offers everything you need for professional DTP, combining advanced text controls with flexible page layout features such as drag and drop editing of images and automatic text flow around objects. You can enter your text at any angle and you can also set your text along a curved path. Instead of dragging outlines when you draw, move, rotate or resize objects, Designer Pro offers solid live object manipulation, which simply makes it much easier to see what you're doing! Only Designer Pro is fast enough to do this on complex vector graphics.ĭesigner Pro offers everything you need for handling text in your designs. Xara introduced the world's first vector anti-aliasing to bring maximum screen quality and is still a pioneer with the fastest, highest quality anti-aliasing available in any drawing program. And it's super-fast and resolution independent too. The Zoom tool allows magnification up to 25,000%, perfect for detailed work. ![]() Xara Designer Pro allows unlimited undo, making experimentation easy. It also supports drag and drop import of files, such as photos.īeing able to change what you have done is vital in a graphics package. Many tasks in Xara Designer Pro benefit from being able to use the drag and drop principle, which is the most intuitive way of working and a great time saver. ![]() No distracting dialogs - simply drag on the object! Xara Designer Pro's Direct Action Tools allow you to create effects such as transparency, shadows, bevels or gradient fills in an interactive, fast and intuitive way. Don't let your software get in the way of your creativity! The ultra fast processing, even with complex illustrations or very high resolution photos, makes it a pleasure to experiment. Xara Designer Pro is based on one of the world's most sophisticated, high performance vector rendering engines. In one completely integrated and consistent interface it provides all the tools for a range of graphic design tasks that would normally require three or more separate 'suite' programs: illustration, photo editing, advanced page layout, web graphics, websites and more. Xara Designer Pro is our flagship all-in-one creative title. Xara Designer Pro is our flagship product and includes all the illustration, photo editing, DTP and web design features of Photo & Graphic Designer, Web Designer Premium and Page & Layout Designer. A single application for all your creative work. Powerful illustration tools, innovative photo editing, flexible page layout and unrivalled WYSIWYG web design. Quite simply the world's fastest graphics software. Free Download Xara Designer Pro+ 23.6 (圆4) Portable Free Download | 473.4 Mb ![]() ![]() ![]() Unsurprisingly, given its usefulness to life coaches, the tool was developed by a man considered to be one of the pioneers of the life coaching movement. It also works as a feedback mechanism because it can be completed repeatedly to review and evaluate their personal development.Īlso known as ‘the wheel of life coaching’ or ‘the life balance wheel’, it is used to understand how areas in your life are balanced and to help achieve equilibrium. The helicopter view gives clients self-awareness, allowing them to invest in their life coaching journey because they can physically see the direction they need to progress in. Providing a visual representation of the conflicting demands on a person’s time can help clients instantly see where they lack balance or fulfilment.įrequently referred to as a tool used in life coaching to assess priorities’, the Wheel of Life offers so much more than simple assessment. It may appear to be a basic worksheet, but it can be adapted to almost any situation, making it the most flexible implement in the methodology of a life coach. The Wheel of Life is regarded by many as the ultimate coaching tool, offering endless versatility to gain an instant understanding of a client’s life. How To Become a Strength & Conditioning Trainer.How To Become a Sports Massage Therapist.Level 4 Obesity and Diabetes Management.Level 4 Low Back Pain Exercise Specialist.Exercise Referral For Health Management.Level 4 Pilates Master Practitioner Course with Reformer New. ![]() Level 5 Nutrition Course: Advanced Nutrient Metabolism.Access to HE - Nutritionist and Dietitian Course with Level 5 Nutrition & Level 4 RSPH New.Level 5 Elite Personal Trainer with RSPH Nutrition.Login to Future Fit's online CPD training platform for the serious on the go fitness professional. ![]() ![]() ![]() While everything I’ve written here may seem foreboding, we here at the DeTommaso Law Group, LLC have had many motions for reconsideration granted. If your motion is denied, the Court very well may cite to the following language from D’Atria: “Motion practice must come to an end at some point, and if repetitive bites at the apple are allowed, the core will swiftly sour.” Rather, the preferred course to be followed when one is disappointed with a judicial determination is to seek relief by means of either a motion for leave to appeal or, if the order is final, by a notice of appeal. D’Atria, “econsideration should be utilized only for those cases which fall into that narrow corridor in which either 1) the Court has expressed its decision based upon a palpably incorrect or irrational basis, or 2) it is obvious that the Court either did not consider, or failed to appreciate the significance of probative, competent evidence.”Ī litigant should not seek reconsideration merely because of dissatisfaction with a decision of the Court or a desire to reargue a motion. Stated another way, as in the frequently-cited but nonbinding 1990 Chancery Division case of D’Atria v. Bahr,, motions for reconsideration are applicable only when the court’s order is based on plainly incorrect reasoning when the court failed to consider evidence, or there is a good reason for it to consider new information on an issue decided. According to the 2006 Appellate Division case of Cummings v. The governing legal standard is fairly narrow. But the Court has a good reason for doing so, Court Rule 1:3-4(c) prohibits the Court from enlarging time with respect to motions for reconsideration of final orders. What Happens when a Motion Is Denied?Ī motion for reconsideration may be properly denied if based on unraised facts known to the movant prior to entry of judgment.įurther, the 20-day filing requirement is similarly harshly enforced. You are stuck with what you gave the Court the first time around. The Court is within its rights to bar you from introducing new evidence on a motion for reconsideration. ![]() Expect the Court to take a good hard look at your motion for reconsideration to find ways it can be thrown out on a procedural technicality.Īnother procedural issue on a motion for reconsideration, at least with final orders, is that they cannot be used to “expand the record” and re-argue a motion.Ī motion for reconsideration is designed to seek review of an order based on the evidence before the court on the initial motion. However, judges are human beings like the rest of us, and therefore, they don’t like being told they were wrong. Generally, motions for reconsideration are discretionary and should be granted in the interests of justice. Judges are frequently very busy, and motions for reconsideration are often used improperly by attorneys and unrepresented individual alike. ![]() Need to file a Motion to Reconsider? Call DeTommaso Law Group now at (908) 274-3028 to schedule a consultation with an attorney! When Can You File a Motion for Reconsideration?Ĭourt Rule 4:49-2 governs Motions to Alter or Amend a Judgment or Order and provides that the motion must be filed within 20 days after it has been received and must “state with specificity the basis on which it is made, including a statement of the matters or controlling decision which counsel believes the court has overlooked or as to which it has erred.”īe warned, these standards are incredibly strict. These standards are very different, so I will address one and then the other. There are legal standards governing reconsideration of pendente lite (a Latin term meaning “during the proceeding”) orders and final orders. What Is a "Motion to Reconsider?"Ī Motion for Reconsideration is a motion that you file when you want the judge to take a second look at a decision that you feel was incorrect.Ī Motion for Reconsideration will not, however, be granted simply because you disagree with the outcome. While it can be difficult to get a judge to think again on a decision he or she made just a short while beforehand, it is often possible with the right combination of factual and legal knowledge. Fortunately, however, there is a sliver of hope: the motion for reconsideration. Unfortunately for many going through the divorce process, judges can and often do get issues wrong. If judges were perfect, we wouldn’t need a Court of Appeals. ![]() ![]() It was based on a 32-bit system of procession. The advanced version used a landscape format of screen contrary to its predecessor. ![]() ![]() Thus, Nintendo launched the game boy in 1989 that subsequently gave birth to an advanced colored version in 2003 (worldwide). After designing television-based gaming consoles for about a century, Nintendo decided to bring gaming to the hands of the players. Founded way back in 1889 in Kyoto, the company has always found innovative ways of staying and dominating the typical video game genre. Pokemon Dragon World Pokemon Dragon World is a Hack of Pokemon Ruby for players who use English.Nintendo is one of the giants in the field of bit gaming and keeps it alive to date.The story is the same as the Posted in GBA ROM Hacks Pokemon New Emerald Pokemon New Emerald : After a year of preparing and hacking, a Pokemon fan has created his final product: Pokemon special Emerald.It brings to you by Posted in GBA ROM Hacks And now, it is coming back under a new name: Pokemon CAOS. Pokemon CAOS Pokemon CAOS : It has been a very long time since we last saw a good hack of Pokemon Emerald.This is a randomizer hack with lots of bug fixes and improvements! 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Word Document Borders Free download on ClipArtMag ![]() ![]() ![]() However, the crossword as we know it did not start until 1913, when the English journalist Arthur Wayne published one in the New York World that embodied most of its present features. An early example of such an early crossword puzzle is the one that appeared in Il Secolo Illustrato della Domenica, an Italian periodical, in 1890. Solving crossword puzzles has been a popular recreational activity for those who love to work with words ever since they first began to appear in periodicals and in various books for children during the late 1800s. No matter how you play your crossword puzzles, they will definitely keep you entertained for years to come. You might even bring everyone together after dinner and all gather around the computer to solve the puzzle. Puzzles become a conversation piece and getting the whole family involved is a great idea. It would give them something exciting to do during their recess time. You could even print out an easy crossword puzzle and place it in your child’s lunch-box. After all, two minds are better than one, right? You could help them with questions they don’t know and vice-versa. It would be fun to try and solve the puzzle with a spouse, or even a best friend. You could even challenge a friend or loved one with a daily crossword puzzle competition. Some puzzles might take you longer to solve than others but you will always have something to keep you busy and entertained. Whether you choose your daily crossword puzzles from a magazine, newspaper or puzzle book or search for online crosswords, you will always have the same result. Most websites offer the results the very same day. Another great feature about online crosswords & daily crossword puzzles is that you don’t have to wait until tomorrow’s paper arrives on your door step to find out the results. You’ll be amazed to see how many pages pop up. With online crosswords, all you have to do is go to your favorite search engine and type in the keywords “online crosswords” or “daily crossword puzzles”. If you make a mistake, don’t worry about erasing it one click of a button solves that problem. Online crosswords are great because you don’t need to search around for a pen to complete them. Instead of waiting for the Newspaper to arrive on your door-step you can now find online crosswords to keep you busy until your paper arrives. ![]() Times have changed and everything is computerized now-a-days. I remember when I was a kid I couldn’t wait for my Dad to bring home the local Newspaper just so I could solve the daily crossword puzzles inside. Daily crossword puzzles are interesting and challenging for children and adults alike. I love daily crossword puzzles! I always have. Please tell us below why you love crosswords and if we like your answer we will send you one of our ultimate crossword puzzles from our super secret stash! 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Truth is that unless we actually schedule something, it’s probably not going to happen. Step 1: Pick a set day and time for when to meal plan each week. In the steps below, I’m going to walk you through how to meal plan for you and your family. For best results, check out these steps and use the corresponding free download printables. If you’ve ever wondered “How do I make my own weekly meal plan?” You’re in the right place. This is a great one to post in a public place, so you can jot down items on your shopping list as you think if them, How to Plan weekly Meal for Family (steps) So you don’t get back from Costco and realize you forgot the paper towels. ![]() That way, you can keep track of your various lists for each place. If you often at Costco, Target, and Amazon, then this shopping list is for you. * Click the links below the images to download the PDF of your choice. Others have ample space for whatever you want to put in each box. Some have meals listed (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and other for snacks or dessert). They also come in both a Sunday or Monday start. These different designs provide enough space for both daily meals and your grocery list. If you’re looking for horizontal orientation, keep scrolling to the next section. These printable weekly meal planner with grocery list templates are letter-sized and vertical and come in various designs (pictured below). (Personally, I’m a Monday start kind of gal.) Vertical Weekly Meal Planner with Grocery List Templates Note that you will find all weekly and monthly printables with both a Monday start version and a Sunday start version. Because not only can you go through and plan meals for each day of the week, but you can also write down any ingredients that you need to buy at the grocery store. This will give you everything you need to at least get started with meal planning. While I go into more detail below about the steps of meal planning, at a minimum you’ll want to start with a meal plan you’ll want to download a printable weekly meal planner with a grocery list.
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